Apple is preparing to launch its next-generation CPUs which will use the latest 3nm (nanometer) manufacturing node from TSMC. This new manufacturing method significantly improves the performance, power efficiency, and capacities of the company's future processors.

What does "nm" really mean? 

"nm" stands for Nanometer, a unit for measuring minute lengths. In the semiconductor world, it is primarily used to define the process behind chip manufacturing. Simply put, Nanometer(nm) is the distance between two transistors in a chip.The smaller the transistor size, the higher the transistor density and the higher the power. Also, the shorter the distance between two individual transistors, the faster electrons move between them, and the less energy is wasted in transmission—making the chip even more efficient. A lower nm process node translates to more speed with less power usage.Thus, nanometers simply serve as terms that make it simple to advertise products. And as many things in advertisements, it can sometimes be misleading. Chip manufacturers have deviated from process nodes representing the distance between the transistors. That said.For instance, Apple and TSMC want you to believe the recent A16 Bionic is a 4nm chip; however, the N4 process they used is just a more advanced version of the 5nm N5 process.

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3nm Apple Chip

The transition to 3nm will be a significant step ahead. The smaller node size allows for a larger density of transistors on the device, which results in improved multitasking and faster processing rates. Furthermore, this improvement allows the chips to run more effectively while using less power.Apple's silicon benefits from the move to 3nm technology in a number of ways. For example, it opens the door to advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and better graphics capabilities. In particular, there are speculations that future Apple CPUs may feature built-in ray-tracing capabilities, resulting in improved visual experiences.Although lowering chip sizes brings challenges in terms of power density, heat production, and manufacturing difficulty, the benefits of 3nm technology overcome these drawbacks. It provides for up to 35% reduced power consumption than Apple's existing 5nm technology.According to forecasts, Apple's future 3nm chips could include up to four dies and support up to 40 compute cores. This development has the potential to improve multi-core performance dramatically and open the path for more powerful technology.

Production and challenges

Apple's chip manufacturer, TSMC, has been scaling up tests for 3nm production since 2021. 3nm chip commercialization was scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter of 2022. However, rumors claim that meeting Apple's demand for 3nm chips has proven difficult due to tool and production concerns, perhaps creating slight delays in introducing certain devices. Apple has occupied about 90% TSMC's 3nm capacity of its next-gen mobile and laptop SoCs.Apple might announce the A17 Bionic chip this year, which will most likely show up in the iPhone 15 Pro. Additionally, we can expect the M3 processor to appear in upcoming products, such as an enhanced MacBook Air (15" and 13"), iMac, and iPad Pro. Apple has made a huge investment in engineering resources to ensure the success of these powerful processors.In conclusion, Apple's use of 3nm silicon in its next-generation components signifies a huge technological jump. The reduced node size improves performance, power efficiency, and the potential for advanced features significantly. As Apple continues to innovate, it commits to provide an exceptional user experience that goes beyond basic processing power, allowing it to differentiate itself in the increasingly competitive smartphone and computing fields.

• Meanwhile, check out our review of the iPhone 14 Pro Max.